The path of affirmation seems the path of effort, great effort: one is trying to reach God, one has to make all the effort that is possible, one has to do the utmost, one has to put oneself at stake. In modern times, Gurdjieff, Ramakrishna-they followed the path of affirmation, VIA AFFIRMATIVA. The other path is VIA NEGATIVA, through negation, through the ‘no’. Lao Tzu, Buddha, Nagarjuna — they followed the path of negation. In modern times, Ramana Maharshi, J. Krishnamurti — they follow the path of the ‘no’.